Python 日志模块logging

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Synopsis: Python程序中可以使用内置的logging模块,方便的记录运行日志,将日志信息进行分类存储,当程序出现BUG时,可以通过分析日志来定位问题所在

1. 基本概念

import logging


logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
logging.error('This is error message')
logging.critical('This is critical message')

输出结果:

2018-06-27 15:21:37,941 - root - WARNING - This is warning message
2018-06-27 15:21:37,941 - root - ERROR - This is error message
2018-06-27 15:21:37,942 - root - CRITICAL - This is critical message

其中,2018-06-27 15:21:37,941对应%(asctime)s,表示当前时间;root对应%(name)s,表示logger实例的名称,默认名称是root;WARNING对应%(levelname)s,表示日志级别(可以看到默认是WARNING,它以下的INFO和DEBUG都不显示);This is warning message对应%(message)s,表示用户要输出的日志内容

1.1 日志级别

级别Level 对应数值
logging.NOTSET 0
logging.DEBUG 10
logging.INFO 20
logging.WARNING (默认级别) 30
logging.ERROR 40
logging.CRITICAL 50
In [1]: import logging

In [2]: logging.NOTSET
Out[2]: 0

In [3]: logging.DEBUG
Out[3]: 10

In [4]: logging.INFO
Out[4]: 20

In [5]: logging.WARNING
Out[5]: 30

In [6]: logging.ERROR
Out[6]: 40

In [7]: logging.CRITICAL
Out[7]: 50

如本文开头示例,默认日志级别是WARNING,它以下的INFODEBUG都不显示。

假设设置了日志级别为INFO,则会输出级别大于或等于INOF的日志,而小于它的如DEBUG则不会输出:

import logging


logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)

logging.debug('This is debug message')
logging.info('This is info message')
logging.warning('This is warning message')
logging.error('This is error message')
logging.critical('This is critical message')

输出结果:

2018-06-27 15:39:15,582 - root - INFO - This is info message
2018-06-27 15:39:15,583 - root - WARNING - This is warning message
2018-06-27 15:39:15,
                                
                            
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